{"id":30432,"date":"2025-11-24T07:54:01","date_gmt":"2025-11-24T07:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webtube.fr\/?p=30432"},"modified":"2025-11-24T07:54:02","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T07:54:02","slug":"le-genie-francais-gernelle-et-le-premier-micro-ordinateur-de-lhistoire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webtube.fr\/index.php\/2025\/11\/24\/le-genie-francais-gernelle-et-le-premier-micro-ordinateur-de-lhistoire\/","title":{"rendered":". [LE G\u00c9NIE FRAN\u00c7AIS] Gernelle et le premier micro-ordinateur de l\u2019Histoire"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Articles : Nov. 2025<\/a> – Oct. 2025<\/a> – Sept 2025<\/a> – Aout 2025<\/a> –
Facebook : https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100069673161887<\/a> Twitter : https:\/\/twitter.com\/OrtfNews<\/a> Music 24\/24 : http:\/\/DJMUSIC.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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#webtube <\/strong>: Une grande id\u00e9e dans une petite machine, le Micral N. Non, les r\u00e9volutions technologiques ne viennent pas toutes de Californie. La premi\u00e8re machine informatique, appel\u00e9e \u00ab ordinateur personnel \u00bb, n\u2019a pas vu le jour dans un garage am\u00e9ricain mais dans un modeste local de la r\u00e9gion parisienne. Et son inventeur, Fran\u00e7ois Gernelle, n\u2019avait sous les yeux que des circuits imprim\u00e9s et un budget qui tenait dans une poche de chemise.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les ordinateurs \u00e9taient encore de grandes armoires<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nous sommes en 1973 et l\u2019INRA (Institut de recherche agronomique) cherche un moyen d\u2019automatiser des mesures sur des cultures de bl\u00e9. Les grands ordinateurs de l\u2019\u00e9poque \u2013 ces monstres qui remplissent des pi\u00e8ces enti\u00e8res \u2013 co\u00fbtent une fortune. On fait donc appel \u00e0 la petite soci\u00e9t\u00e9 R2E, sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9lectroniques, et \u00e0 son ing\u00e9nieur vedette : Fran\u00e7ois Gernelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Une id\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gernelle n\u2019a rien du savant fou. C\u2019est un homme r\u00e9serv\u00e9, calme et m\u00e9thodique. Il a une id\u00e9e simple et lumineuse : utiliser un microprocesseur pour cr\u00e9er une machine compacte, programmable et surtout abordable. Cette minuscule puce apparue r\u00e9cemment est une invention am\u00e9ricaine \u2013 \u00e0 tout seigneur tout honneur. Aujourd\u2019hui, cela semblerait \u00e9vident, mais en 1973, alors qu\u2019on parle encore d\u2019ordinateurs avec distance et un peu de crainte, l\u2019id\u00e9e est d\u00e9j\u00e0 reconnue comme r\u00e9volutionnaire, de l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u2019Atlantique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas plus grand qu\u2019un attach\u00e9-case<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019est n\u00e9 le Micral N. Une petite bo\u00eete beige, pas plus grosse qu\u2019un attach\u00e9-case, mais d\u00e9bordant d\u2019intelligence, ou plut\u00f4t de connaissances. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, un ordinateur n\u2019est plus une forteresse technologique, c\u2019est un appareil qu\u2019on peut installer \u00ab b\u00eatement \u00bb sur une table et utiliser en le branchant sur une prise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le prototype est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019INRA, certains ing\u00e9nieurs \u2013 habitu\u00e9s aux \u00e9normes calculateurs IBM \u2013 ont d\u2019abord cru qu\u2019il s\u2019agissait d\u2019un bo\u00eetier vide, d\u2019une maquette de d\u00e9monstration. Un chercheur l\u2019aurait soulev\u00e9, \u00e9tonn\u00e9 de son poids plume, avant de demander : \u00ab Mais\u2026 o\u00f9 est l\u2019ordinateur ? \u00bb<\/em> Gernelle aurait simplement r\u00e9pondu, en souriant : \u00ab Vous l\u2019avez entre les mains. \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\u00c0 ce sujet \u2014 [LE G\u00c9NIE FRAN\u00c7AIS] La machine \u00e0 calculer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de clavier, pas d\u2019\u00e9cran<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les grands esprits se rencontrent : le Micral fonctionne donc gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un microprocesseur. Pas de clavier, pas d\u2019\u00e9cran, on utilise des cartes perfor\u00e9es, des t\u00e9l\u00e9scripteurs, tout ce que les ing\u00e9nieurs peuvent r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer ou adapter. Et le r\u00e9sultat \u00e9tait l\u00e0 : un ordinateur personnel vendu quelques milliers de francs, quand les machines concurrentes co\u00fbtent dix \u00e0 trente fois plus !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le Micral N, tout premier micro ordinateur de l’Histoire<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Am\u00e9rique pr\u00e9pare le grand assaut<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pendant que le Micral se vend modestement dans l\u2019Hexagone et qu\u2019il grandit tranquillement, l\u2019Am\u00e9rique pr\u00e9pare le grand assaut : l\u2019Alta\u00efr 8800, de Mits, puis Apple, puis IBM PC. Une vague gigantesque qui va tout emporter sur son passage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Micral, lui, n\u2019a pas b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une communication tonitruante : pas de budget, pas de Jacques S\u00e9gu\u00e9la ni de Philippe Michel, le g\u00e9nie parisien connu de tous les professionnels de la publicit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9poque. C\u2019est \u00e0 ce dernier (et \u00e0 son \u00e9quipe dont votre auteur faisait partie) que Steve Jobs confiera sa marque Apple pour l\u2019Europe : plus gros budget publicitaire fran\u00e7ais avec Renault. Par l\u2019humour et la simplicit\u00e9 des slogans, des films et affiches devenus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres, la peur de l\u2019ordinateur s\u2019est envol\u00e9e. Et dans les ann\u00e9es 1980, le \u00ab computer \u00bb am\u00e9ricain (nomm\u00e9 Macintosh, puis Apple II C) est entr\u00e9 chez M. Tout-le-Monde au nez et \u00e0 la barbe de Fran\u00e7ois Gernelle. Pendant que Steve Jobs et Bill Gates devenaient milliardaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de garage, pas de l\u00e9gende<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pas de mythe fondateur hollywoodien, pas de garage, pas de l\u00e9gende, juste un ing\u00e9nieur brillant, des coll\u00e8gues talentueux et un sens du pragmatisme admir\u00e9 mais rarement c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9. Les historiens de l\u2019informatique sont aujourd\u2019hui formels : le Micral N est le premier micro-ordinateur commercial au monde. Pas un bricolage artisanal, pas un prototype de laboratoire, mais une machine construite en s\u00e9rie et vendue \u00e0 des clients tous satisfaits. Une premi\u00e8re mondiale\u2026 bien de chez nous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le g\u00e9nie d\u2019un Blaise Pascal en h\u00e9ritage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cette petite victoire technologique est typiquement fran\u00e7aise et digne de la machine \u00e0 calculer de Pascal, la Pascaline<\/a>. Modeste, discr\u00e8te, presque invisible, elle est pourtant fond\u00e9e sur un savoir-faire incontestable. On ne l\u2019a pas cri\u00e9 sur tous les toits ; on l\u2019a fabriqu\u00e9e, tout simplement. Avec la conviction tranquille que l\u2019ing\u00e9niosit\u00e9 ne d\u00e9pend pas d\u2019un drapeau mais d\u2019un cerveau bien fait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nostalgie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

11 juin 2017. Quarante-cinq ans plus tard, l’un des cinq derniers exemplaires connus du Micral N sera vendu aux ench\u00e8res 50.000 euros. Son acheteur n\u2019est autre que Paul Allen, l\u2019un des fondateurs de Microsoft, qui en a fait l\u2019acquisition pour le Living Computer Museum de Seattle. Comme souvent dans notre Histoire, nous avons invent\u00e9 quelque chose avant les autres, puis laiss\u00e9 les autres en faire une saga mondiale. Mais qu\u2019importe : la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 historique est t\u00eatue. Et elle a un nom : Micral N. Une petite machine pour une grande id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antoine de Quelen<\/a>, dans BV<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Articles : Nov. 2025 – Oct. 2025 – Sept 2025 – Aout 2025 –Facebook : https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100069673161887 Twitter : https:\/\/twitter.com\/OrtfNews Music 24\/24 : http:\/\/DJMUSIC.fr #webtube : Une grande id\u00e9e dans une petite machine, le Micral N. Non, les r\u00e9volutions technologiques ne viennent pas toutes de Californie. La premi\u00e8re machine informatique, appel\u00e9e \u00ab ordinateur personnel \u00bb, n\u2019a pas vu … Continuer la lecture de « . [LE G\u00c9NIE FRAN\u00c7AIS] Gernelle et le premier micro-ordinateur de l\u2019Histoire »<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n. 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